That's not a good idea. The Marlin Spike Hitch is designed for the knot, not the toggle, to take the load, which compresses the webbing against the toggle and keeps everything in place. When the weight is on the toggle directly, the knot doesn't compress—in fact, the tension works to the opposite effect, pulling the toggle/carabiner away from the knot.
If you're going to clip into webbing with a carabiner, it's best to use a standard fixed loop knot. An overhand on a bight would work, but a figure 8 on a bight would be easier to untie after being tensioned.
As for the original idea, it seems like it would work except that the carabiner would end up oriented the wrong way. I would trust the long side of a carabiner not to slide through a Marlin Spike, but not the short side. Perhaps a better solution would be to slide both a standard toggle and a carabiner through the loop of the Marlin Spike. That way the toggle can keep the knot in place, and the carabiner could turn longways in order to attach the tarp.
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